Notes
1. Josiah Henson, The Life of Josiah Henson, Formerly a Slave, Now an Inhabitant of Canada, as Narrated by Himself. (Boston: A. D. Phelps, 1849), 4. http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/henson49/menu.html © This work is the property of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. It may be used freely by individuals for research, teaching and personal use as long as this statement of availability is included in the text.

2. Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. Written by Himself. (Boston: American Anti-slavery Society, 1845), 18. http://docsouth.unc.edu/douglass/menu.html © This work is the property of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. It may be used freely by individuals for research, teaching and personal use as long as this statement of availability is included in the text.

3. Thomas Foote, interviewed by Federal Writers Project, Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States, from Interviews with Former Slaves, Vol. 15, Kansas, Kentucky, and Maryland Narratives (St. Clair Shores, MI: Scholarly Press, Inc, 1976), 14.

4. Ibid., 14-15; Jabez D. Hammond ed. Life and Opinions of Julius Melbourn; with Sketches of the Lives and Characters of Thomas Jefferson, John Quincy Adams, John Randolph, and Several Other Eminent American Statesmen. (Syracuse: Hall & Dickson, 1847), 19. http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/hammond/menu.html © This work is the property of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. It may be used freely by individuals for research, teaching and personal use as long as this statement of availability is included in the text.

5. Hammond, 20.

6. Hammond, 19-20.

7. Leonard Black. The Life and Sufferings of Leonard Black, a Fugitive from Slavery. Written by Himself. (New Bedford: Benjamin Lindsey, 1847), 7.http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/black/menu.html © This work is the property of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. It may be used freely by individuals for research, teaching and personal use as long as this statement of availability is included in the text.

8. John Thompson. The Life of John Thompson, a Fugitive Slave; Containing His History of 25 Years in Bondage, and His Providential Escape. Written by Himself. (Worcester: John Thompson, 1856), 20. http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/thompson/menu.html © This work is the property of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. It may be used freely by individuals for research, teaching and personal use as long as this statement of availability is included in the text.

9. Ibid., 18.

10. Douglass, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass: His Early Life as a Slave, His Escape from Bondage, and His Complete History to the Present Time. (Hartford, Conn.: Park Publishing Co., 1881), 74

11. Ibid., 146.

12. Christopher Phillips. Freedom's Port, The African American Community Of Baltimore, 1790-1860 (University of Illinois Press. 1959), 66.