Notes
1. Parris E. Arthur, Black Pentecostalism Southern Religion in an Urban World, (Massachusetts: The University of Massachusetts Press, 1982), 5.

2. Elizabeth, Elizabeth, a Colored Minister of the Gospel Born in Slavery, (Philadelphia: Tract Association of Friends, 1889), 2. http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/eliza2/menu.html © This work is the property of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. It may be used freely by individuals for research, teaching and personal use as long as this statement of availability is included in the text.

3. Ibid, 5.

4. Ibid., 2.

5. Arthur, 110-113., Interviewed by the Federal Writers Project of the Works Progress Administration in the State of Maryland, in The American Slave: A Composite Autobiography, ed. George P. Rawick, vol. 16, (Westport: Greenwood Publishing Company, 1972), vol xiii, 1.

6. Charles Coles, Interviewed by the Federal Writers Project of the Works Progress Administration in the State of Maryland, in The American Slave: A Composite Autobiography, ed. George P. Rawick, vol. 16, (Westport: Greenwood Publishing Company, 1972), vol xiii, 4 - 5.

7. James Deane, Interviewed by the Federal Writers Project of the Works Progress Administration in the State of Maryland, in The American Slave: A Composite Autobiography, ed. George P. Rawick, vol. 16, (Westport: Greenwood Publishing Company, 1972), vol xiii, 7.

8. Richard Macks, Interviewed by the Federal Writers Project of the Works Progress Administration in the State of Maryland, in The American Slave: A Composite Autobiography, ed. George P. Rawick, vol. 16, (Westport: Greenwood Publishing Company, 1972), vol xiii, 54; Parson Williams, Interviewed by the Federal Writers Project of the Works Progress Administration in the State of Maryland, in The American Slave: A Composite Autobiography, ed. George P. Rawick, vol. 16, (Westport: Greenwood Publishing Company, 1972), vol xiii, 71 - 72.

9. John W. Blassingame, The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellum South, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1979), 130 - 131.

10. Ibid., 132.

11. Ibid., 133.

12. Josiah Henson, The Life of Josiah Henson, Formerly a Slave, Now an Inhabitant of Canada, as Narrated by Himself, ed. Samuel A. Elliot, (Boston: A.D. Phelps, 1849), 10. http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/henson49/menu.html © This work is the property of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. It may be used freely by individuals for research, teaching and personal use as long as this statement of availability is included in the text.

13. Blassingame, 132.

14. Ibid.

15. Ibid., 135; James W. C. Pennington, The Fugitive Blacksmith: or Events in the History of James W. C. Pennington, Pastor of a Presbyterian Church, New York, Formerly a Slave in the State of Maryland, United States. (London: Charles Gulpin, 1849), 57. http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/penning49/menu.html © This work is the property of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. It may be used freely by individuals for research, teaching and personal use as long as this statement of availability is included in the text.

16. Robert Anderson, From Slavery to Affluence (Hemingford, Nebraska., 1927), 27.

17. Ibid., 137.

18. Ibid., 139.

19. F. Allen, Slave Songs of the United States (1867), as cited in Anderson, From Slavery to Affluence, 9.

20. Ibid., 147.